local plant. By looking at Germany, as a large open economy, between 1999 and 2018 we first see that both German firms that … sales of the German affiliate increase while the foreign owners tend to step up expenditure on the labour force in Germany … international, we find positive productivity and sales effects for relatively small companies investing abroad, and this …

We study first-order and higher-order inflation expectations of German households and firms elicited from surveys. The …

frequent in Eastern Germany. In terms of economic policy competence, East German business leaders ranked the party third behind …

market using data from Finland. While the previous related literature studies the reactions of sales volume and prices to an …-error correction model, the response of prices to demand shocks is found to be substantially slower than that of sales. The effect of a … demand shock on sales peaks within a quarter from the shock. The results show that the differences in the reaction patterns …

manager-led firms are more active innovators : the share of sales based on new products is larger if firms' managers do not …