workers experience only a modest loss in expected discounted lifetime labor income of 1.38%. Per-period losses in native labor … income, however, are up to four times as large. The magnitude of income losses also depends on the initial location and labor … affect the nature of the immigration inflow can effectively reduce native income losses and dampen adjustment dynamics in …

; the average gap one decade after arrival is around 10 percentage points. Income gaps are instead widening with time spent …

"Measuring the gain in income from migration is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general … overcome this problem, providing an experimental measure of the income gains from migration. New Zealand allows a quota of … conducted by the authors in these two countries allows experimental estimates of the income gains from migration to be obtained …