The transport economics literature has indicated that introduction of competition for the market in urban bus services … concludes that contracting-out bus services through a bidding process is not enough to ensure company cost-efficiency if public … authorities do not implement a well-devised competitive tendering process and do not design an effective regulatory framework. We …

and urban bus fares, which places a burden on a majority of the population depending on public transit. This study … analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households income, as well as their effects on the demand of paying commuters in … 9 large Brazilian cities between 1995 and 2008. The study shows that a gap between the rise of urban bus fares and the …

areas with robustly developed infrastructure benefited most from the low price, potentially at a negative cost to others … thus price-sensitive flat rate model. In addition to infrastructure investments, the integration of "last mile" offers into …

, respectively leisure demand effects for Germany. Using a demand system to estimate the price, cross-price and income effects of the …

; crowding out ; price and income elasticity ; censored quantile regression ; income tax return data …

We estimate the elasticity of charitable giving with respect to price and income changes using a rich panel of income … incomes but also where the incentives matter most. Second, we disentangle long-run responses to persistent changes in price … and income from temporary reactions, consumption smoothing, or tax planning. Indeed, our results suggest that price …