One of the main stylised facts that has emerged from the recent literature on global value chains is that bilateral trade imbalances in gross terms can differ substantially from those measured in value added terms. However, the factors underlying the extent and sign of the differences between...

This paper draws a causal link between the rise of global value chain participation (GVCP) and the decline of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import prices over the last decades. We first illustrate in a structural two-country model how greater GVCP can reduce ERPT to import prices. In the...

The paper reviews the evidence on the challenges of digitalization for direct (corporate profit) and indirect (consumption) taxation. Based on both anecdotal and empirical evidence, we evaluate ongoing developments at the OECD and European Union level and argue that there is no justification for...

While there is a consensus in the literature that offshoring has a polarising effect on the skill structure of labour demand, little is known about its impact on the capital side. In this paper, we analyse the effect of offshoring on the demand for capital by asset class using a rich...