How do men and women differ in their persistence after experiencing failure in a competitive environment? We tackle … unequivocally due to merit, both men and women exhibit a significant decrease in subsequent tournament entry. However, when the … prior tournament is unfair, i.e., a loss is no longer necessarily based on merit, women are more discouraged than men. These …

We analyze the long-term effects of gender imbalances on female labor force participation, in particular in the market … for politicians. We exploit variation in sex ratios - the number of men divided by the number of women in a region … - across Germany induced by WWII. In the 1990 elections, women were more likely to run for office in constituencies that had …

larger for women and persist intergenerationally, as the adult children of mothers who experienced meat scarcity similarly …