This paper follows up recent work on the relationship between (un)employment and wage effects of social security … in Germany. The main result of the paper is that there is in fact a positive shortrun employment effect of a revenue … rates, but in the longerterm only modest effects remain due to higher wages. …

with high likelihood of being outsourced. And, when comparing wages of direct and outsourced employees, it is possible to … notice that outsourced (with high likelihood) face a decrease in their wages, in most of the situations examined. …

We estimate the causal impact of a sizable German infrastructure investment program on employment at the county level …'000 of investments. The employment gains reached their peak after nine months and dropped to zero quickly after the program …'s completion. The reductions in unemployment amounted to two-thirds of the job creation, and employment grew predominately in the …