What can be done to reduce the likelihood of future wars? While states’ decisions that bear on war are ultimately made … future wars. This thesis can be broken down into two claims: first, there is a war bias of political leaders; second, people … citizens have substantially divergent interests with respect to policies that risk the outbreak of war. Political leaders may …

Proxy wars are a key pattern of political conflict and interstate competition. Rather than resorting to direct …, but are less costly and render them more immune to exogenous shocks. We start with the modeling of a direct war with two … war where the proposed equilibria are realizable, but not always sustainable in the long run. The consolidation level of …

This paper considers evolutionarily stable decisions about whether to initiate violent conflict rather than accepting a … peaceful resource allocations that are rejected in favor of violent conflict, compared to the Nash equilibrium outcomes …. Relative advantages in fighting strength are reflected in the equilibrium set of peaceful resource allocations. -- Conflict …