history, we find that the opening of schools providing secondary education for women increased their representation among the … higher human capital, connecting women to form a social movement. We find no evidence of other city-specific indicators of … increasing representation of women among the human capital elite, as the opening of gender-specific schools has no impact on the …

attributed to women's relative deficit with respect to human capital endowment, an equally large part stems from the fact that … inequality with respect to the returns to human capital in terms of wage which favours women. Nevertheless, women improved their …, mainly because women have a lower educational attainment than men but also because similar qualification levels yield lower …

East Germany and for the low educated. Using simulated life cycle employment and income profiles, we project gross future … levels for East German men and women will fall dramatically among younger birth cohorts, not only because of policy reforms … birth cohorts is mainly driven by the impact of pension reforms, while future pension levels of West German women are …