This paper analyses the effects of the 1990 Brazilian trade liberalization on the total factor productivity, market … 1986/94 indicates very large total factor productivity gains in the period to 1994, which were accompanied by large falls … that firms were stimulated to improve their efficiency dramatically. …

conceptualised as news about a future slowdown in productivity growth in the tradable sector. Simulations show that the responses of …' for tradable producers before the slowdown in tradable sector productivity associated with Brexit occurs. Resources are … the productivity decline in the tradable sector materialises. The negative news about tradable sector productivity also …