terms of a sharp drop in the sales level (per employee) and external frictions in terms of a reduced availability of credit … linkages in times of a sales drop. Second, financial constraints, which played a major role for the goods trade during the … generally observed crisis-resilience of service trade stems from increased pressures to save on variable costs through …

Was the collapse of world trade between 1928 and 1937 caused by higher transport costs, increased protectionism or the … equilibrium effects of bilateral distance, international borders, and the payment system on trade. My results suggest that had … average tari and non-tari trade barriers remained at their 1928 level, total international trade would have been 64.6 % higher …

trade agreements. If all countries considered abandoning existing preferential market access to services, this would reduce …

derive a number of hypotheses that link trade integration to retail firm performance and to the structure of retail markets … adjustments may imply additional gains from trade absent from models lacking a distribution sector. …

into large firms. In this second-best environment, policy changes that favor large firms, such as trade liberalization …