We extend the canonical income process with persistent and transitory risk to shock distributions with left …-skewness and excess kurtosis, to which we refer as higher-order risk. We estimate our extended income process by GMM for household … data from the United States. We find countercyclical variance and procyclical skewness of persistent shocks. All shock …

that such disturbances are important drivers of output fluctuations in both economies, we find the shock responses of …

German unifikation hit the West German economy in a prosperous and appeared as a huge demand shock at least for the … those resulting from the demand shock of German unification, to effect not only German trade flows, but also real variables … modelling approach and estimation results for the trade submodels are presented in some detail and simmulation results for the …