main contribution is to show that while previously ineligible high-SES students are relatively more likely to enroll in the … highest (academic) track than comparable low-SES students after the repeal, the SES gap in academic track enrollment does not … increase. The reason is that low-SES students, who were already eligible for the academic track before the repeal, increase …

outcomes for students in Lower Track Secondary Schools in Germany. We find mostly insignificant effects of the treatment on … average outcomes, which mask quite heterogeneous effects. For those students, who are taking extra coursework to continue …. In contrast, educational outcomes improve for students who do not take extra coursework. Hence, the treatment causes a …

tracking system. Our results show that the need to perform well to qualify for a better track raises students' math, reading …, listening, and orthography skills in grade 4, the final grade before students are sorted into tracks. Evidence from selfreported …

tracking system. Our results show that the need to perform well to qualify for a better track raises students’ math, reading …, listening, and orthography skills in grade 4, the final grade before students are sorted into tracks. Evidence from self …

argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … Germany. We find that while students on average reduced their daily learning time of 7.4 hours by about half, the reduction …