This article considers the complexity of ea rly employment life-courses focusing on the heterogeneity by gender and …

hypotheses for how cultural norms and national institutions might influence the gender-typing of occupations. These are tested by … indicate that girls develop gender-(a)typical occupational aspirations in response to structural education and labor market … differences across countries, while boys' gender-(a)typical aspirations are mainly influenced by country variations in normative …

Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios – PNAD), 1995-2015, to describe youth condition according …

according to income levels and gender. This paper is based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) carried out by the … (MAs) in the country, than the in the other MAs. Second, workers in the poorest population segment (1st income decile … times. However, these worsening conditions have been more pronounced in the 1st income decile and especially the 7th-10th …

We present evidence on the role of the social environment for the development of gender differences in competitiveness … and earnings expectations. First, we document that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more … causally affects girls' willingness to compete and narrows both the gender gap in competitiveness as well as the gender gap in …

We show that the discontinuity in the distribution of surveyed female income shares at the margin where a woman would … measures like the gender wage gap. …