Clark, Robert; Coviello, Decio; Leverano, Adriano de - 2020
A number of recent papers have proposed that a pattern of isolated winning bids may be associated with collusion. In … contrast, others have suggested that bid clustering, especially of the two lowest bids, is indicative of collusion. In this … paper, we present evidence from an actual procurement cartel uncovered during an anticollusion investigation that reconciles …