Do sanctions strengthen the targeted regime? I analyze the 2014 imposition of Western sanctions on Russia and its … constituencies which were geographically close to a sanctioned firm. I find a significant effect of targeted sanction imposition on … stations that had a sanctioned firm in immediate vicinity. Targeted sanctions imposition also affected voter turnout. The …

We examine the extent to which financial sanctions imposed by Germany through its European Union and United Nations … commitments cause collateral damage on Germany’s trade in goods and services. Financial sanctions reduce Germany’s inflows and … services. The effect on trade in goods is entirely due to episodes where financial sanctions are accompanied by export …

We study the effects of financial sanctions on cross-border credit supply. Using a differences-in-differences approach … to analyze eleven sanctions episodes between 2002 and 2015, we find that banks located in Germany reduce their positions … adjust its positions after the imposition of sanctions. For affiliated banks located in countries with low financial …

We study the effects of financial sanctions on cross-border credit supply. Using a differences-in-differences approach … to analyze eleven sanctions episodes between 2002 and 2015, we find that banks located in Germany reduce their positions … adjust its positions after the imposition of sanctions. For affiliated banks located in countries with low financial …

sanction closes this gap. This has important implications for understanding the effect of institutions in developing societies … sanctions. …