What can be done to reduce the likelihood of future wars? While states’ decisions that bear on war are ultimately made … future wars. This thesis can be broken down into two claims: first, there is a war bias of political leaders; second, people … citizens have substantially divergent interests with respect to policies that risk the outbreak of war. Political leaders may …

We discuss the impacts of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian science. Using newly collected data, we show that the war … beginning of the war. Hence, reconstruction efforts should be focused on supporting scientists to continue in the research … sector and to return to Ukraine after the war has ended. …

-term inflation expectations of individuals in Germany. We use microdata from the Bundesbank Online Panel - Households (BOP-HH), for … the period from February 15th to March 29th, 2022. Treating the unanticipated start of the war in Ukraine on the 24 th of …

This paper investigates the long-term effects of the Paraguayan War (1864–1870) on intimate partner violence. The … military camps during the war. Over 130 years later, the likelihood of intimate partner violence is still 5.54 percent higher … that do not respect traditional gender roles and induces intimate partner violence that is transmitted across generations. …