This paper considers a fundamental question about the school environment - what are the long run effects of a student …'s ordinal rank in elementary school? Using administrative data from all public school students in Texas, we show that students …, are more likely to take AP classes, graduate high school, enroll in college, and ultimately have higher earnings 19 years …

Most school systems grant teachers and school principals considerable discretion in grade retention decisions. This … which class size is subject to a class size cap, with teachers and school principals determining the share of students to be …

achievement-based admissions requirements (i.e. binding track recommendations) in Germany's between-school tracking system. The …

of standardized external comparisons, both school-based and student-based, is associated with improvements in student … achievement. The effect of school-based comparison is stronger in low-performing countries. By contrast, solely internal testing …

research designs exploiting differences in school track admission rules at the end of primary school in Germany’s early ability …

research designs exploiting differences in school track admission rules at the end of primary school in Germany's early ability …

It is well established that teachers are the most important in-school factor in determining student outcomes. However …

If school closures and social-distancing experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic impeded children’s skill development …, they may leave a lasting legacy in human capital. To understand the pandemic’s effects on school children, this paper … on the conceptual framework of an education production function, we cover evidence on child, parent, and school inputs …