We measure consumers’ use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada …-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument …, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is strongly correlated with transaction size …

This paper empirically investigates whether individuals withhold a certain amount of cash for precautionary reasons at … the point-of-sale (POS) in order to be able to cover future transactions that might have to be paid for in cash. Such … being settled in cash declines significantly as the amount of cash available at one’s disposal decreases. This indicates …

Despite various payment innovations, today, cash is still heavily used to pay for low-value purchases. This paper … develops a simulation model to test whether standard implications of the theory on cash management and payment choices can …, Germany and the Netherlands, we test the assumption that cash is still the most efficient payment instrument, and the idea …

, but does not affect other aspects of data quality. It also has a negligible impact on substantive measures like the cash …