exclusion as well as recurrent spells of in-work poverty. Gender and race differences persist even after controlling for la bor … escape poverty. Research has focused on the risk factors associated with in-work poverty, but scholars know little about … longitudinal data sources (NLSY79, NLSY97, and PSID) to establish a typo logy of employment pathways out of in-work poverty and …

medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya. All participants in a business training program are offered training. One-third of …

We present evidence on the role of the social environment for the development of gender differences in competitiveness … and earnings expectations. First, we document that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more … causally affects girls' willingness to compete and narrows both the gender gap in competitiveness as well as the gender gap in …