—together with standard growth models to frame the role of religion in economic growth. Unifying a growing literature, we argue that … religion can enhance or impinge upon economic growth through all four elements because it shapes individual preferences …, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial …

We use worldwide satellite data to analyse how population size and density affect urban pollution. We find that density … significantly increases pollution exposure. Looking only at urban areas, we find that population size affects exposure more than … itself. We analyse heterogeneity by geography and income levels. By and large, the influence of population on pollution is …