which class size is subject to a class size cap, with teachers and school principals determining the share of students to be …Most school systems grant teachers and school principals considerable discretion in grade retention decisions. This … paper argues that schools can exploit this discretion by selectively retaining students to reduce class size which …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

significantly. We analyze how international student exchange affects students’ academic human capital. Using detailed student … find that, on average, exchange students lose 7% in terms of grades relative to their non-mobile peers, but less so in … Erasmus-facilitated exchange. Since students’ academic performance is an important factor in companies’ hiring decisions …

tracking system. Our results show that the need to perform well to qualify for a better track raises students' math, reading …, listening, and orthography skills in grade 4, the final grade before students are sorted into tracks. Evidence from selfreported …

tracking system. Our results show that the need to perform well to qualify for a better track raises students’ math, reading …, listening, and orthography skills in grade 4, the final grade before students are sorted into tracks. Evidence from self …

's ordinal rank in elementary school? Using administrative data from all public school students in Texas, we show that students …