outcomes for students in Lower Track Secondary Schools in Germany. We find mostly insignificant effects of the treatment on … average outcomes, which mask quite heterogeneous effects. For those students, who are taking extra coursework to continue …. In contrast, educational outcomes improve for students who do not take extra coursework. Hence, the treatment causes a …

Career guidance assists students with the school-to-work transition. Based on a survey in secondary schools in Germany … opposite direction for lower track students. …

and students’ cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children’s learning time … decreased severely during the first school closures, particularly for low-achieving students, and increased only slightly one … activities. The review shows substantial losses in cognitive skills on achievement tests, particularly for students from …