From a firm’s perspective two competing forces are driving the decision to invest in innovation. On the one hand …, innovative performance is an important driver of profitability and growth. On the other hand, investments in innovation suffer … firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent …

knowledge spillovers are unmeasurable, a 'goodness of fit' measure is constructed using innovation survey data. It turns out … measures constructed from innovation survey data appear to work reasonably well while measures of the Euclidean technological …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent … market exclusivity on the likelihood of drug commercialization. The effect is largely driven by patent invalidations early in …

the turn of the century. The present article estimates entry of generic versions of off-patent drugs into various …