Mutual fund risk-taking via active portfolio rebalancing varies both in the cross-section and over time. In this paper …, I show that the same is true for funds' off- balance sheet risk-taking, even after controlling for on-balance sheet … information. In the empirical application, I show that German equity funds have increased their risk-taking via synthetic leverage …

greater risk. By exploiting the enactment of the American Taxpayer Relief Act 2012 as an exogenous tax shock, we observe that … co-investing fund managers increase risk-taking by 8%. Specifically, these managers adjust their portfolios by investing …