hostile behavior exhibited by managers. The motivations driving managers to adopt such behaviors are insufficiently understood …. To explore this phenomenon, we conducted a laboratory experiment examining the relationship between managers' use of … unfriendly leadership and labor market competition. We discern two labor market states: excess labor demand, where managers …

analyse whether managers’ beliefs about the productivity effects of WFH affect their adoption decisions. Exploiting exogenous … variation in managers’ information set, we find that managers update their beliefs about the productivity effects of WFH when … increases managers’ willingness to adopt or intensify WFH policies. Combining our main survey experiment with two follow …