, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden between April 2020 and June 2021. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests … deaths/100,000 inhabitants (our proxy for the evolution of the pandemic) significantly reduced sleep quality in France …

reopening in many countries, the impact of school closures on the course of the epidemic is still an open question. Adopting …

approach is the insight that epidemic dynamics are best tracked over stages, rather than over time. We use a normalization … procedure that makes the pre-policy paths of the epidemic identical across regions. The procedure uncovers regional variation in … the stage of the epidemic at the time of policy implementation. This variation delivers clean identification of the policy …

In this paper we analyze how consumers in Germany updated expectations about inƒaflation in response to the COVID-19 … expectations is ampli€ed if respondents live in high unemployment regions. We explain our findings through an information and … experience channel. Information about the pandemic and its effects played an important role during the €rst wave of the pandemic …