crises. However, in an early phase, after a sudden and unforeseen shock has caused incalculable and fast-changing dynamics … throughout all stages of an unforeseen economic shock by providing timely and reliable data as a basis to make informed decisions … and largescale data from corporate websites. Most notably, we show that textual references to the coronavirus pandemic …

During a global shock two forces act upon international remittances in opposite directions: income losses among …