bombing designed to undermine enemy morale-the Allied bomber offensive against Germany during World War II. Our evidence shows …

Industrialization and the rise of nationalism were the two major developments in Germany before the World War I. A …

What can be done to reduce the likelihood of future wars? While states’ decisions that bear on war are ultimately made … future wars. This thesis can be broken down into two claims: first, there is a war bias of political leaders; second, people … citizens have substantially divergent interests with respect to policies that risk the outbreak of war. Political leaders may …

We discuss the impacts of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian science. Using newly collected data, we show that the war … beginning of the war. Hence, reconstruction efforts should be focused on supporting scientists to continue in the research … sector and to return to Ukraine after the war has ended. …

-run panel of real and nominal variables. First, the contribution of world comovements to domestic output growth has decreased …