study for a cohort of students in Germany. Using detailed survey data, and employing an instrumental variable strategy based … on variation in the local field of study availability, we provide evidence that students who are not enrolled in their … impact on dropout is particularly strong among students of low socio-economic status and is driven by lower academic …

points, which is less than the 3.2-percentage point drop in enrolment, indicating many deterred students would not have … in systems with high dropout rates and "ghost students"-students enrolling primarily for non-educational benefits. …

significantly. We analyze how international student exchange affects students’ academic human capital. Using detailed student … find that, on average, exchange students lose 7% in terms of grades relative to their non-mobile peers, but less so in … Erasmus-facilitated exchange. Since students’ academic performance is an important factor in companies’ hiring decisions …

. We apply it to study optimal party structure and the decision of how (de)centralized candidate recruitment should be …. Parties are non-unitary actors and compete at the local markets over recruitment of competent candidates and local organizers … authoritarian and persistently "bad" leadership. Our model can be applied to other labor recruitment settings. …