Euro coins have a common European side and an individual national side. Thanks to coin migration, coins bearing a … panoply of national sides are in circulation throughout the euro area. In this paper, we model the mixing of coins circulating … in the euro area countries and in particular the extent of coin migration in the euro area. A model calibration suggests …

This paper empirically investigates whether individuals withhold a certain amount of cash for precautionary reasons at … the point-of-sale (POS) in order to be able to cover future transactions that might have to be paid for in cash. Such … being settled in cash declines significantly as the amount of cash available at one’s disposal decreases. This indicates …

We measure consumers’ use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada …-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument …, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is strongly correlated with transaction size …

per cent of euro banknotes in circulation (cumulated net issuance) had been issued by the national central banks of France …

than reflecting changes in pollution abatement technology. We find some evidence for positive spillover effects on …

has increasingly become a pollution haven …

those of bailouts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Euro depreciates significantly against the Yen and US Dollar … following general risk shocks in the euro area and only to a small extent following bailout shocks. The Pound Sterling is not … affected by any of these shocks. The Euro variability is, from the EMU perspective, mainly driven by shocks stemming from large …