-in-differences design to causally identify the short-run impact of COVID-19 on innovation spending in 2020 and expected innovation spending … substantially reduced innovation expenditure not only in the first year of the pandemic (2020) but also in the two subsequent years …, indicating ’Long–Covid’ effects on innovation. In 2020, innovation expenditure fell by 4.7 % due to the pandemic. In 2022 …

Functioning markets for technology are an important determinant for the type, scope and distribution of innovation … activities in an economy. However, markets for technology are often underdeveloped or inefficient. Existing theory attributes … structural forces that shape the demand side of markets for technology. In this study, we reason that demand depends on the …