their economic performance. By applying the new patent cartography developed by the EPO that identifies firm's 4.0 patents …In this paper we explore the relationship between innovative firms that patent technology related to Industry 4.0 and …, this is one of the first large-scale, systematic studies on the impact of 4.0 technologies. Since 4.0 patents are more …

firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent … of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent …From a firm’s perspective two competing forces are driving the decision to invest in innovation. On the one hand …

We use exogenous variation in the strength of trade secrets protection to show that a relative weakening of patents … otherwise visible to society. We develop a structural model of initial and follow-on innovation to determine the effects of such … a shift in disclosure on overall welfare in industries characterized by cumulative innovation. We find that while …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …