countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) for the period between 1965 and the mid-1990s. Results … reveal quite different national approaches to the problem. Whereas in Sweden, France and Germany, migrants' linguistic … years of labor migration by Sweden where the government financed language courses already from 1965 on. The countries (the …

Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Swe­den, Switzerland and the UK. We exploit within-country variation in social …

Based on data from broadly representative surveys among more than 1,400 citizens in Germany and Sweden, this paper … in Germany and Sweden and some implications for policymakers. …

diplomacy are debated, and the adequacy of other terms (paradiplomacy, federative diplomacy, and metrodiplomacy). In conclusion …

currencies. We also find the cross-country exchange rate shock from Finland to affect the price of currency risk in Sweden, but …