Study (PIRLS) for fourth graders. Our analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands … analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Peer effects are of … school. Although some countries, like Germany, track students into a rigid system of separate schools at the secondary …

In 1988, the wage distribution in East Germany was much more compressed than in West Germany or the U.S. Since the … collapse of Communism and unification with West Germany, however, the wage structure in eastern Germany has changed … Germany, individual variation in wage growth is similar to typical western levels. The wage structure of former East Germans …

Germany has experienced a high and rising rate of anti-foreigner violence during the early 1990s. To analyze the …