and distribution of knowledge sources on innovation activities today. We conclude that historical factors that shape the … settlement structure and location of knowledge sources are of key importance for the geographic location of innovation activities. …Popular theories claim that innovation activities should be located in large cities because of more favorable …

The unification of the East and West German states in 1990 initiated the integration of two distinct innovation systems …, the gap between East and West Germany widened considerably over time. This divergence in innovation activity suggests that … occurred upon reunification. We also find that the similarity of the technology profile of the East and West German innovation …