"Research on the effects of patent protection on innovation and technology transfer in the cross-country pharmaceutical … industry adds to our understanding of the underlying forces driving a country's innovation level. Qian (2007) constructs a … not stimulate domestic innovation, as estimated by the US patent awards (both raw counts and citation-weighted) and …

the evaluations were done at the recipient (firm) level using data from innovation surveys, industrial surveys, and …&D intensity. In addition, participation in TDF induces a more proactive attitude of beneficiary firms towards innovation …