at aiding families. The outcomes of interest are female employment, gender gaps in earnings and fertility. We begin with …

/or employment penalty in the latter than in the former. We find that, overall, the between-industry component of labor demand …

Using comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and …-earners have clear positive impacts on lone mothers' employment and negligible impacts on other groups. While most of this …