For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management … worse managed than those in several other developed countries. We also find substantial variation in management practices … product market competition and higher worker skills are associated with better management practices. Less regulated labor …

We have conducted the first survey on management practices in transition countries. We found that Central Asian … transition countries, such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, have on average very poor management practices. Their average scores are … Poland and Lithuania operate with management practices that are only moderately worse than those of western European …