, Norway, and Sweden. A key problem in empirical studies of peer effects is the fact that measures of peer quality may pick … analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Peer effects are of …, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Student performance is measured by test scores in reading literacy, which is the …

they have different labor market patterns. High levels of employment in Germany and Sweden are in contrast with low levels … from the labor market, while in Sweden women choose part-time employment. Lower employment rates and gender pay gaps are …