Study (PIRLS) for fourth graders. Our analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands … analysis covers six European countries, Germany, France, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Peer effects are of … all European countries with a sufficient number of schools with at least two classes. These are France, Germany, Iceland …

is a Researcher at the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), France. Eric Maurin is Research … housing (Habitation � Loyer Mod�r�, hereafter HLM, about 20% of the population). In France, any family is eligible for a HLM … detailed information on the early school career of a large representative sample of pupils. This dataset makes it possible to …