model of multinational firms facing real and financial barriers to foreign direct investment (FDI), and we analyze their … impact on the FDI decision (the extensive margin) and foreign affiliate sales (the intensive margin). We provide empirical …

sector and the real economy. Exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) have declined, presumably not only because of a lack … access to external finance on firms’ choices to export or to engage in FDI. We simultaneously model a firm’s decision to … engage in FDI and in exports, and we assess the importance of financial factors for this choice (the extensive margin) as …