New infrastructure projects may affect CO2 emissions and, thus, cost benefit analyses for these projects require a value to apply for CO2. This may be based on the marginal social cost of emissions or on the carbon price resulting from present and future policies. This paper argues that both...

This paper analyses three main mechanisms through which transport improvements have impacts that deliver real income gain over and above user-benefits. One is economic density and productivity, a second is induced private investment and associated land-use change, and a third is employment...

The UK National Audit Office (NAO) scrutinises public spending on behalf of Parliament, helping it to hold government departments to account and helping public bodies improve performance and delivery. We publish around 60 value for money studies each year across a range of government activities,...

China has suffered railway capacity constraints for more than several decades and the need for a large increase in rail capacity has been viewed as the primary challenge. The former Chinese Ministry of Railways believed that building a national wide high speed railway (HSR) network was the most...

This paper reviews methods that seek to draw causal inference from non-experimental data and shows how they can be applied to undertake ex-post evaluation of transport interventions. In particular, the paper discusses the underlying principles of techniques for treatment effect estimation with...

Expanding airports is a topic which can easily make it to the first page of the national press. But this is highly unlikely as "bad news" is "good news" and most often failures and scandals make it to the front page. Berlin airport or the on-going failure to open up a nearly-complete new airport...

Expanding airports is a topic which can easily make it to the first page of the national press. But this is highly unlikely as "bad news" is "good news" and most often failures and scandals make it to the front page. Berlin airport or the on-going failure to open up a nearly-complete new airport...