This paper reviews the empirical literature on growth and convergence that has addressed the importance of spatial …

The topic of convergence is at the heart of a wide-ranging debate in the growth literature. Empirical studies of … convergence differ widely in their theoretical backgrounds, empirical specifications and in their treatment of cross …-sectional heterogeneity. Despite these differences, a rate of convergence of about 2% has been found under a variety of different conditions …

convergence. We apply three approaches to convergence – beta-convergence, sigma-convergence and quantile-convergence (q-convergence … check if countries of the given sample tend to form convergence clubs in the relevant years. The analysis is run for the …

Although it is well known that Markov process theory, frequently applied in the literature on income convergence …