the returns to self-employment among low-skilled immigrants. We compare annual earnings and earnings growth of immigrant … financially rewarding option for most low-skilled immigrants. An exception is immigrant men, who are found to have higher earnings … growth than immigrants in wage/salary employment and are predicted to reach earnings parity after approximately 10 years in …

-native earnings gap across the entire earnings distribution, across continents of nationality and across cohorts of arrival in the UK … individual characteristics on earnings. This helped us to prevent selectivity biases such as cohort bias and survivor bias, which … are disproportionately non-white, suffer an earnings penalty in the labour market, whereas higher paid immigrants, whom …

-employed immigrants. Separate earnings functions for the self-employed and wage/salary workers are estimated. To control for endogenous … the population and average earnings ratios are used as instruments to control for self-selection into self-employment and … consequently identify the inverse Mills correction term in the earnings models. Self-employed immigrants do substantially better in …

. Predicted earnings of self-employed immigrants are higher throughout most of their work life relative to wage/salary immigrants … predicted earnings across national origin group of self-employed immigrants. The low variation in predicted earnings across …

migration and contribute to a better economic performance of the respective countries. …