home country. This paper investigates the effects on productivity and trade from the perspective of transaction costs … suggests that the effect of offshoring manufacturing and services on total factor productivity (TFP) is positive and larger … than the effect of R&D on productivity. …

exploring trends in energy- and labour productivity across 10 manufacturing sectors and 14 OECD countries for the period 1970 … considerably to aggregate manufacturing energy-productivity growth and, hence, to decoupling, while in other countries they partly … manufacturing labour-productivity developments. Furthermore, we find labour-productivity growth to be higher on average than energy-productivity …

productivity directly, by reallocating resources towards more productive uses, but also indirectly through the effects of increased …

High temperatures can have a negative effect on work-related activities. Labor productivity may go down because mental …