motivation may undermine intrinsic motivation. The self-perception (SP) theory developed by Bem (1972) explains this finding. The … crux of this theory is that people remember their past decisions and the extrinsic rewards they received, but they do not … recall their intrinsic motives. In this paper I show that the SP theory can be modeled as a variant of a conventional dynamic …

Incentives based on esteem, honor and shame are increasingly popular and easy to use due to modern surveillance … Tirole (2011) to explore the effect of esteem-based incentives and their interaction with traditional monetary incentives. We … show that esteem-based incentives can indeed lead to a loss of control by generating multiple equilibria, some of which …

This paper examines the effect of incentives on the performance of darts players. We analyze four data sets comprising … higher incentives, but choke when the incentives are really high. Professional players similarly display better performance … under higher incentives, but appear less susceptible of choking. These results speak to a growing literature on the limits …