into electoral success? Second, do political parties strategically exploit the "beauty premium" when deciding on which … candidates to nominate, and, third, do elected MPs use their beauty premium to reap some independence from their party? Using the … show that plurality elections provide more scope for translating physical attractiveness into electoral success than …

data from Brazil, we track the earnings and employment of campaign workers before and after close elections spanning nearly …

and implement public policies, we show that examination takes place in spite of, rather than thanks to, elections …. Elections are needed as a carrot and a stick to motivate politicians, yet politicians who are overly interested in re …

elections (exogenous elections) andthe decision is salient and the election outcome depends on it (endogenous elections).We show …. Furthermore, in contrast to the existing literature, wedemonstrate that, when elections are exogenous, polarization between … political parties does not always decreaseactive learning. In the case with endogenous elections we find that electoral concerns …

the release of information? Using Brazilian elections and audits as an exogenous source of information, I show that both … competitiveness of elections and, therefore, candidates' spending. Only information disclosed prior to electoral campaigns impacts …