Estimates of the effect of education on GDP (the social return) have been hard to reconcile with micro evidence on the private return to schooling. We present a simple explanation combining two ideas: imperfect substitution and endogenous skill-biased technological progress and use cross-country...

This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the level of businessownership across countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as theirrelevance for entrepreneurship. Second, cross-sectional regression analysis using data for...

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the impact of inequality on economic growth. Both theoretical and empirical approaches have produced ambiguous results on sign and size of this relationship. Although there is a considerable part of the literature that considers inequality...

This paper studies the relationship between the change in the unemployment rate and output growth using an approach based on labor market flows. The framework shows why the Okun coefficient may be constant/time-varying and/or symmetric/asymmetric and that the outcome lies with the behavior of...

Pakistan's economy has grown faster on average than many other low- and middle-income countries over the past two decades. But several countries in Southeast Asia have fared even better. This paper focuses on factors that explain Pakistan's relative growth performance. In addition to more...

Training and skills development play a vital role in development. The demand for vocationally trained and technically educated human resource rises with every step towards industrialisation and modernisation of production units and work premises. Therefore, skill and capital are complementary....