gradual resolution of uncertainty lowers them. For temperature-dependent economic damage tipping points, carbon prices are … the risk-adjusted interest rate. Adding damages leads to a higher carbon price that grows more slowly. But as temperature …

perturbation theory to derive an approximate tractable expression for this cost adjusted for climatic and economic risk. We allow … for different aversion to risk and intertemporal fluctuations, skewness and dynamics in the risk distributions of climate … analytical results, and offer analytical insights into numerical results on the effects of economic and damage ratio uncertainty …

to economic activity and this makes CO2 prices grow at the same rate as the economy. Second, even if uncertainty about … CO2 prices must rise at a rate equal to the risk-adjusted interest rate, typically higher than the economic growth rate …. Summing up, CO2 prices must rise at a rate at least equal to the economic growth rate and at most to the risk …