This paper distinguishes uncertainty types that differ continuously with respect to the degree to which uncertainty … uncertainty types can lead to quite special results. Monopoly examples of the newsboy problem type are further used to show that … depends crucially on the type of uncertainty and the employed functional forms for utilities and costs. …

under demand uncertainty: we solve for equilibrium and optimum as benchmarks, and evaluate the efficiency of possible …

We study the efficiency of private supply of roads under demand uncertainty and evaluate various regulatory policies …. Due to demand uncertainty, capacity is decided before demand is known but tolls can be adjusted after demand is known …-profit result and thus leads to a lower welfare, whereas without uncertainty various forms of competitive auctions can attain this …

demand uncertainty. For the case of a given number of vehicles, the analysis shows that carrier collaboration increases …

. We find that price sensitivity and its interplay with uncertainty have important implications for the effects of tolling … uncertainty, but it lowers welfare with uncertain capacity. Next, "third-best" tolling adds the further constraint that, besides a …-best one-raise the price compared to the no-toll case. In our numerical study, when there is less uncertainty, the second …